词语学习：vindictive

**vindictive **/vin’diktiv/

出处：“Celebrity may at least help Ai Weiwei avoid vanishing for too long into this legal black hole. But it will do little to shield him from the wrath of China’s vindictive rulers.”（文章来源）

adj. Having or showing a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge.

例句：the criticism was both vindictive and personalized.

辞源：from Latin：vindicta 意思是 vengeance

词语辨析：

vindictive: Someone who is motivated by a desire to get enven might be described as VINDICTIVE, a word that suggests harboring grudges for perceived wrongs.

(a vindictive person who has alienated friends and neighbors alike.)

spiteful: is a stronger term, implying a bitter or vicious vindictiveness.

（a spiteful child who broke the toy she had been forced to share.）

vengeful: implies a strong urge to actually aeek vengeance

(vengeful after losing her husband in a hit-and-run accident.)

rancorous: Someone who is rancorous suffers from a deep-seated and lasting bitterness, although it does not imply a desire to hurt or to be vindictive.

(his rancorous nature made him difficult to befriend.)

venomous: takes its meaning from “venom”, referring to someone or something of a spiteful, malignant nature and suggesting a poisonous sting.

(a critic’s venomous attack on the author’s first novel.)